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tabula rasa
“He is ag- going, uh, he, he's inspired by John Locke, and John Locke had a very famous sta- uh, phrase where he said, "The human mind is a tabula rasa." You might have heard this phrase before. A,…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 3: Hume's Map of the Mind▶︎ watch 18:52 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 8:15 · read ↗︎
tactic
“strategy, or also it's called, it's the difference between a strategy and a tactic in the theory of games. A tactic depends just on the current situation, whereas a strategy is depending on the whole…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 40:10 · read ↗︎
target set
“And the answer is quite robust. You can actually design a process so that a given target set is exactly what you have at the end. And you can find maybe necessary and sufficient criteria on this…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 16:45 · read ↗︎
Tarski
“we'll move through Galileo, and then we'll see Frege, and Dedekind, and Cantor, and the 20th century thinkers of Godel and Tarski, Russell, and so on, the contemporary ideas. To my way of thinking,…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Intro: Infinity Has a Story to Tell▶︎ watch 0:31 · read ↗︎
Tarski finite
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 7: What Does Finite Really Mean?▶︎ watch 14:57
Tarski's theorem on the non-definability of truth
“and is it actually definable? And Tarski thought about that quite a bit and proved an absolutely wonderful theorem. It's called Tarski's theorem on the non-definability of truth. So, in fact, say if…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 4: The Largest Tweetable Number▶︎ watch 48:20 · read ↗︎
Ted Baker, John Gill, and Robert Solovay
“really, not long after the theory of NP-completeness was developed, so in 1973, this is by Ted Baker, John Gill, and Robert Solovay, they proved something, again, back in the early '70s, something…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 51:29 · read ↗︎
tetration
“A, where we have B times here. So, and we associate to the right, so this is also called tetration or iterated exponential. What it is, is each one of these is an exponential, and so what this means…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 4: The Largest Tweetable Number▶︎ watch 25:31 · read ↗︎
Thales
“Thales, historically considered the first philosopher, famous for the statement that all is water. You know, this radical simplification of everything down to its material basis. The story is that he…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 23:43 · read ↗︎
Thanksgiving turkey
“There's a turkey, lived on a farm, and the farmer's a wonderful man. Farmer's a lovely man, every day he comes out and he feeds us this wonderful food. He's terrific, love that guy.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 4: Why You Can't Prove Tomorrow▶︎ watch 22:23 · read ↗︎
the Academy
“That's what I think the purpose of Plato's dialogues really is, food for thought for an individual reader or for a group of readers such as would have been there in Plato's school, the Academy, and…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 1:32 · read ↗︎
the animal that has no limits
“Because for Nietzsche, we are the animal that has no limits. We are the animal that goes beyond whatever limits we find. Evolution is our true creator for Nietzsche, rather than God.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Recap: Making Your Beliefs Your Own▶︎ watch 7:59 · read ↗︎
The Apology
“himself is hardly ever even mentioned, you know. In the dialogue, The Apology, representing Socrates' trial, Socrates refers to Plato here. And in Theto, which is about Socrates' death, the narrator…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 2:23 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 5: Defeat as Philosophical Victory▶︎ watch 40:12 · read ↗︎
the Bible
“For a long time, uh, throughout the whole Middle Ages, the picture of the universe was that it was cr- the universe was created by God for us, and God, uh, wants what's best for us, so he gave us an…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Intro: When the Old Map Stopped Working▶︎ watch 1:15 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 22:52 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 6:50 · read ↗︎
the book of nature is written in the language of math
“Galileo said, "The book of nature is written in the language of math." That was the one change that was not foreordained. It was not obvious. That was the one change that changed everything.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 40:50 · read ↗︎
the call is coming from inside the house
“Milo, I remember, once said to me, I thought nicely, "This is the occasion when the call is coming from inside the house." Okay? The idea here was not that there were external critiques” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Intro: The Crisis In Physics▶︎ watch 5:14 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 1: The Experiment That Broke Reality▶︎ watch 58:56 · read ↗︎
The Clouds
“Xenophon and Aristophanes who wrote this comedy called The Clouds where Socrates is portrayed actually as a natural philosopher investigating up in the sky and below the earth just as he says here,…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 33:51 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 7:24 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 1:25 · read ↗︎
The Emergent Multiverse
“of the many-worlds interpretation. Also, there's a book by David Wallace called The Emergent Univer- The Emergent Multiverse, excuse me. Which is what most people now would identify as reporting on…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 5: Three Ways to Save Reality▶︎ watch 52:51 · read ↗︎
the enlightenment
“And what he teaches us in the end, Kant was the great thinker of the enlightenment, and, "The enlightenment," he said, "was the time when humanity grows up."” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 48:42 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 15:02 · read ↗︎
the eternal return
“pray to a dead god, which is the eternal return. "What if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 43:29 · read ↗︎
the future will resemble the past
“ball moving, you have to prove something. You have to prove that the future will resemble the past, that the basic laws of nature governing, governing these actions will maintain in a stable” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 4: Why You Can't Prove Tomorrow▶︎ watch 18:26 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 23:12 · read ↗︎
the madman
“Have you not heard of that madman who lit a lantern in the bright morning hours, ran to the marketplace, and cried incessantly, "I seek God! I seek God!" As many of those who did not believe in God…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 14:37 · read ↗︎
the man who can change the appearances for the better
“At 166d, he says, "The man whom I call wise is the man who can change the appearances for the better," right? "The man who, in any case where bad things both appear and are for one of us, works to…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 45:18 · read ↗︎
the matrix
“It's basically the matrix, right? We could be in the matrix and even- but it goes deeper than the matrix. Even our ways of thinking could be flawed. In which case, we can't even know that two and two…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 1: Descartes Reboots Everything▶︎ watch 30:32 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 9:28 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 37:06 · read ↗︎
The Meditations
“This proof, The Meditations, this book actually has two proofs. One of them is terrible. It uses a lot of medieval ideas you have to buy into to get it going, and we're not gonna touch that one. The…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 11:39 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 1: Descartes Reboots Everything▶︎ watch 13:10 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 3: Hume's Map of the Mind▶︎ watch 14:27 · read ↗︎
the most controversial equation in middle school
“So for example, there was this equation in another lecture that I mentioned, what I call the most controversial equation in middle school. And this is the equation, 1.000 and so on repeating is the…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 9: Beyond Countable Infinity▶︎ watch 8:33 · read ↗︎
The Phantom Tollbooth
“read this wonderful children's novel, The Phantom Tollbooth by Norton Juster, and in that novel, there's the City of Digitopolis and under the City of Digitopolis is the number mine where they find…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 4: The Largest Tweetable Number▶︎ watch 7:42 · read ↗︎
The Republic
“So in The Republic, Socrates compares true judgment without knowledge to a blind man who's stumbling down the right road. Yeah, he's doing great. He's on the right path, but he has no clue what's…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 24:34 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 12:01 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 34:23 · read ↗︎
the Sophist
“So if philosopher means lover of wisdom, sophist means wise guy. And these wise guys would travel around Greece and they would teach on all sorts of topics, but especially rhetoric, the art of…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 28:40 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 29:48 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 5: Defeat as Philosophical Victory▶︎ watch 41:03 · read ↗︎
the Statesman
“They're called the Sophist and the Statesman. But they're conceptually quite interesting. And Socrates is there. He meets Theaetetus and Theodorus again, but then there's a stranger who does most of…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 5: Defeat as Philosophical Victory▶︎ watch 41:03 · read ↗︎
the turkey
“And it turns out we are the turkey, and Thanksgiving has come. Notice in the story, something that people don't usually notice.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 18:52 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 4: Why You Can't Prove Tomorrow▶︎ watch 22:23 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 6:34 · read ↗︎
the verb to be must be totally abolished
“"We might even have to eliminate the very word being," Socrates says at 157b. "The verb 'to be' must be totally abolished. Though indeed we've been led by habit and ignorance into using it ourselves…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 24:31 · read ↗︎
the world in itself
“live in, the world that I know. But at the same time, for the same exact reason, I know nothing of the world as it is in the self. I can't. For the same reason, the same exact idea, both gives us the…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 12:13 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 38:37 · read ↗︎
Theaetetus
“Theaetetus himself, and giving, if not foreshadowing, just giving a little preview of who this young man might be. Right. So what are his characteristics? I'll just abbreviate him as THT.” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 11:28 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 0:01 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 1:21 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 0:01 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 0:01 · read ↗︎
Theodorus
“and Theodorus says, "Well, there's this one boy I've been teaching, and wow, he's fantastic. In fact, people might think I was in love with him or something if he didn't look like, you know, you.…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 15:05 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 1:44 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 5:04 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 1:43 · read ↗︎
theory of becoming
“if you will, or being, but he doesn't want to use that word, becoming, a theory of becoming. Everything is in motion, motions are intersecting, and in these intersections, we get these momentary…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 3:19 · read ↗︎
theory of the forms
“the realm of perception, everything's in flux and everything is ambiguous. So, I guess we could read that into this passage. We're not gonna get a theory of the forms in Theaetetus, but maybe we get…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 7:52 · read ↗︎
thermodynamically irreversible
“Or thermodynamically irreversible. Once you get to the level of thermodynamically irreversible processes, law number two kicks in. What the hell does that mean? Or once recordings of the outcome of…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 3: Two Laws That Can't Both Be True▶︎ watch 27:41 · read ↗︎
things for us
“says are things for us and things in themselves. There is the way the world itself is, the way the world really is, on its own, independently of the way that we look at it, independently of the way…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 6:41 · read ↗︎
things in themselves
“says are things for us and things in themselves. There is the way the world itself is, the way the world really is, on its own, independently of the way that we look at it, independently of the way…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 6:41 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 40:10 · read ↗︎
thinking thing
“Those can't go into his foundation. The only thing that he knows for sure that he is, is he says he is a thinking thing. He says there's a whole lot of other stuff in the universe that might not be.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 1: Descartes Reboots Everything▶︎ watch 40:02 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 0:21 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 3: Hume's Map of the Mind▶︎ watch 2:55 · read ↗︎
Thompson's Lamp
“kind of puzzle called Thompson's Lamp. It's hard to believe, but there are hundreds of papers in the academic literature talking about Thompson's Lamp. But let me tell you about Thompson's Lamp. So…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 0:11 · read ↗︎
Thracian servant girl
“around at night looking up at the sky and kind of risky business and he falls in a well, and a Thracian servant girl laughs hard at him because he was wild to know about what was up in the sky but…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 24:02 · read ↗︎
Thrasymachus
“Socrates is arguing with Thrasymachus, who's a sophist who says, "Might makes right," and injustice is fantastic if you can just get away with it." But he can't ultimately defend that, and he's, he's…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 38:58 · read ↗︎
three boxes in a row
“or not, but here's an experiment that people do. Suppose I set up a sequence of three boxes. So, I have, say, a hardness box” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 1: The Experiment That Broke Reality▶︎ watch 9:30 · read ↗︎
three bullet-proof beliefs
“render anything that was dubious and take it away, and he's found three bullet-proof, doubt-proof beliefs. He now has his existence, he does exist, he has his essence, that he's a thinking thing, and…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 0:11 · read ↗︎
Tim Maudlin
“There's a wonderful book by Tim Maudlin, called Philosophy of Physics: called Philosophy of Physics: Quantum Mechanics, published by Princeton. There's a nice book by Jeff Barrett called The…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Intro: The Crisis In Physics▶︎ watch 15:03 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 5: Three Ways to Save Reality▶︎ watch 1:23:41 · read ↗︎
time
“Intuition has forms, two forms, space and time. What that means is we get all this sensory data coming at us, and it's chaotic and it's overwhelming. And our minds put all” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 17:27 · read ↗︎
time dilation
“Right? We wouldn't have GPS satellites. GPS only works if you take into account the time dilation that Einstein said would happen. We only are able to find our way through, get to Starbucks” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 34:16 · read ↗︎
to be is to be perceived
“Everything becomes an atomic moment of truth that then disappears. So, I agree. By the way, Berkeley, a modern idealist, said, "To be is to be perceived." Seems rather close, but then he had God up…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 42:10 · read ↗︎
Tom Waits
“Tom Waits, he's a great, great musician, one of his albums, one of his best albums is titled Rain Dogs, and he's a fantastic lyricist and... I read an interview with him one time and he explained…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 34:31 · read ↗︎
total of nothing box
“If the following is the case, okay? That all measurable properties, other than, of course, position in space, because it has to pass through the box, but all measurable properties, velocity,…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 1: The Experiment That Broke Reality▶︎ watch 46:50 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 2: When Physics Stops Making Sense▶︎ watch 14:46 · read ↗︎
training
“And training is the computation you do to compute a model, okay? So pick your favorite kind of current generative AI company, pick their latest model. That is the outputs of training, which is a…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 36:59 · read ↗︎
transcendental idealism
“think of as a naive scientific realism, okay? There's all kinds of skepticism. There's transcendental idealism. There's all kinds of philosophical critiques of this, what you might call naive…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 1: The Experiment That Broke Reality▶︎ watch 58:15 · read ↗︎
transcendental illusion
“But there are two different ways we can treat it. Right? He talks about what he calls a transcendental illusion, you see. Imagine this was a later philosopher, Bertrand Russell would use this analogy.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 38:37 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 23:39 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Recap: Making Your Beliefs Your Own▶︎ watch 5:35 · read ↗︎
transcendental numbers
“root of two, and passenger, you know, cube root of five, and so on, all of those numbers. But more than that, there's the transcendental numbers, the passengers with number pi and e and so on. All,…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 8: Hilbert's Hotel Is Always Open▶︎ watch 51:22 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 9: Beyond Countable Infinity▶︎ watch 38:44 · read ↗︎
traveling salesman problem
“So that's a variance of the shortest path problem, and it's a famous problem. It's a problem known as the traveling salesman problem, or the TSP, okay? So TSP, traveling salesperson problem. And,…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 5:04 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 0:12 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 22:18 · read ↗︎
traveling salesperson problem
“where you can easily check solutions, like Sudoku, lots of other famous examples, if you've ever heard of the traveling salesperson problem, or TSP, that's another example. Is it the case that some…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Intro: Computation and Its Limits▶︎ watch 13:58 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 2: How Algorithms Outsmart Complexity▶︎ watch 58:36 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 4:48 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 22:18 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 12:48 · read ↗︎
Travis Norsen
“Barrett called The Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, published by Oxford. There's a nice book by Travis Norsen called Foundations of Quantum Mechanics: An Exploration of the Physical…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Intro: The Crisis In Physics▶︎ watch 15:13 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 5: Three Ways to Save Reality▶︎ watch 1:23:32 · read ↗︎
triangle
“He has the idea of a triangle. The idea of a triangle is very easily a shape with three sides. That's the definition of a triangle.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 16:13 · read ↗︎
triangular number
“X plus Y, this is a triangular number. And there's a famous formula that we can write down for the value of that sum, which is just X plus Y times X plus Y plus one, over two. Okay.” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 8: Hilbert's Hotel Is Always Open▶︎ watch 29:41 · read ↗︎
trivial supertask
“And so that doesn't seem problematic in any way. You just left it on for a minute, and we can view that as kind of an ordinary task which can be thought of as a supertask if you divide up the action…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 5:51 · read ↗︎
true autonomy
“True autonomy would be our remaking our minds. This is what Descartes did. Descartes reprogrammed his own thinking, his own mind to make it better. But it was in the service of discovering reality.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 38:37 · read ↗︎
true judgment
“false judgments and- ... how exactly a judgment can be false. So- But yeah, it seems like knowledge equals true judgment is a pretty basic- ... claim they're making. And that's a sort of... They keep…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 23:04 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 5: Defeat as Philosophical Victory▶︎ watch 0:12 · read ↗︎
true judgment plus an account
“Well, we will find out tomorrow, and again, as a general preview, they're going to be working with this idea that it's true judgment plus an account, an explanation. The difficulty, of course, will…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 45:32 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 5: Defeat as Philosophical Victory▶︎ watch 11:06 · read ↗︎
truth
“These are the questions of the branch of philosophy known as epistemology. This is the branch of philosophy that has to do with truth and knowledge, uh, how we achieve it, what the nature of it is,…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Intro: When the Old Map Stopped Working▶︎ watch 0:17 · read ↗︎
truth rule
“he feels he can trust it. And this has been called the truth rule. The truth rule is that if you can have a clear and distinct perception of something,” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 3:14 · read ↗︎
TSP
“And, this is a super famous example. You know, I mentioned that, you know, people like George Dantzig were having so much success, you know, tackling all kinds of different problems. And yet somehow,…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 5:17 · read ↗︎
Turing
“to show limitations on computation. That is yet another reason why we should be so, have so much admiration for Turing's work. He's showing limitations on something which is, in fact, very powerful.…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 2: How Algorithms Outsmart Complexity▶︎ watch 2:58 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 4:29 · read ↗︎
Turing Award
“the Turing Award in 1982. The Turing Award, if you haven't heard of it, is the sort of Nobel Prize of computer science. And obviously, Berkeley regretted that. I mentioned Richard Karp just a second…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 58:25 · read ↗︎
Turing machine
“So I'm gonna introduce you to a famous such model known as a Turing machine. And then in that same first episode, I'm gonna draw on ideas ranging from universality, to simulation, to diagonalization,…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Intro: Computation and Its Limits▶︎ watch 1:02 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 12:32 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 26:36 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 31:49 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 2: How Algorithms Outsmart Complexity▶︎ watch 0:53 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 4: The Largest Tweetable Number▶︎ watch 43:23 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 12:32 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 26:36 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 4:24 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 34:12 · read ↗︎
Turing test
“there's a few different reasons why that might be true. Maybe you've heard of the Turing test. The Turing test is something Alan Turing proposed a long time ago, maybe 75 years ago. He was already…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 1:13 · read ↗︎
Turing-complete
“thing is true for lots of different ways of expressing computation. There's even a phrase, Turing-complete, which means a method of expressing computations which is as general as Turing machines and…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 54:54 · read ↗︎
TV screen problem
“an old-fashioned fluorescent television screen and making a dot of light either emanate out of the top half of the screen or out of the bottom half of the screen. And it turns out that if you analyze…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 5: Three Ways to Save Reality▶︎ watch 19:21 · read ↗︎
two and two equals four
“So the question is can we know that two and two equals four? We believe it, but can we really, really know it? Can we be absolutely sure that it's true? How do you know that it's true? Just because…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 3:58 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 1: Descartes Reboots Everything▶︎ watch 30:32 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 3: Hume's Map of the Mind▶︎ watch 26:26 · read ↗︎
two paths experiments
“for predicting the outcomes of experiments, the outcomes of the kinds of experiments that we've been discussing here, these two paths experiments and double slit experiments, and so on and so forth.…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 3: Two Laws That Can't Both Be True▶︎ watch 0:11 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 5: Three Ways to Save Reality▶︎ watch 2:06 · read ↗︎