Topic Index: G

Gabriel's horn

“examples is the Paradox of Gabriel's Horn. So Gabriel's horn, so we...” (Joel David Hamkins)

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Galileo

“So, there were a number of figures, like Descartes, uh, Bacon, Galileo, Newton, Leibniz, who were all doing science and philosophizing about the nature of science simultaneously. They were playing…” (Lee Braver)

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Galileo Galilei

“Okay? He made some arrangement with somebody. "I'm gonna go on this mountain. You go on that mountain. We have our, you know, our hourglasses or something like that. You open the lantern at exactly…” (David Albert)

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Galileo's paradox

“We're gonna see Zeno's paradox, and the paradox of supertasks, Galileo's paradox, the distinction between the potentially infinite and the actually infinite. Eventually, we'll find the distinction…” (Joel David Hamkins)

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Galileo's wheel

“analysis of the paradox of Aristotle's wheel. And what Galileo did was he changed the setup slightly. Galileo said, "Well, let's not imagine a circular wheel, but rather a hexagonal wheel." So,” (Joel David Hamkins)

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Gauss

“including almost all the great mathematicians, Gauss and so on, that you may have heard of, they were all potentialists. And going all the way back to Aristotle. So Aristotle wrote, "For generally…” (Joel David Hamkins)

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general comprehension principle

“namely the general comprehension principle. So the general comprehension principle is the following principle. For any property...” (Joel David Hamkins)

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General Theory of Relativity

“directly relevant to our story here. As people have probably heard, the general rela- theory of relativity is a complete reinterpretation of the phenomenon of gravitation, thinking of it not as a…” (David Albert)

Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 4: Bell's Impossible Proof▶︎ watch 55:17 · read ↗︎

genuine progress

“To my way of thinking, the study of infinity is a case where there has been genuine progress. We have come to understand these incredibly confusing, mystifying ideas to a state now where we can say…” (Joel David Hamkins)

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geocentric

“Whereas the 12th century farmer, we'll just call her Frida, right? She would say that she sees things through the lens of a geocentric universe, meaning the earth is at the center, and the sun moves…” (Lee Braver)

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geocentric world

“both figuratively and literally in the center of the universe. It was a geocentric world. We were the center. The sun goes around us, the planets go around us, the stars goes around us, because of…” (Lee Braver)

From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 9:20 · read ↗︎

geometric series

“the property that each term in it is one-tenth as big as the previous term, and that's what's called a geometric series. So a geometric series is an” (Joel David Hamkins)

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geometry

“But space gives us geometry. All that geometry is, is Descartes' favorite subject. This is the rules of the way that our intuition organizes incoming data.” (Lee Braver)

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Georg Cantor

“There's a slight improvement to this windy path argument that Georg Cantor came up with, and so let's talk about that briefly. So, I guess I wanna draw a” (Joel David Hamkins)

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George Cantor

“And so this is a technique that, you know, I don't know whether to say it was invented or whether to say it was discovered, but either way, George Cantor, 1891, Cantor was interested in proving that…” (Tim Roughgarden)

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George Dantzig

“from the 20th century. So, names like David Hilbert, Kurt Godel, John von Neumann, George Dantzig, Andrei Kolmogorov, Jack Emmons, Stephen Cook, Leonid Levin, Richard Karp, Don Knuth, all of those…” (Tim Roughgarden)

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German idealism

“and he brings this period to an end while opening up the next period of German idealism in the 19th century. And on the one hand, he's agreeing with Descartes.” (Lee Braver)

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Gestalt psychologists

“Gestalt psychologists would say the whole is always more than the sum of its parts. Gestalt being German for an overall form or whole. For instance, we walk into this room, and we don't, as the…” (Richard Polt)

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Gettier

“the luckiest philosopher in history, Edmund Gettier, who actually called this into question. I think you know something about this. Gettier in 1963, he's an academic nobody. His chair says, "You…” (Richard Polt)

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Gettier problem

“Do you want to add anything or... I think my favorite example of the Gettier problem is you're wandering through the desert and you see a mirage. And you think there's water over there, and you get…” (Richard Polt)

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Ghirardi, Romini, and Weber

“-theory of the collapse of the wave function was proposed by three Italian physicists named Ghirardi, Romini, and Weber, and it's subsequently been known as the GRW theory.” (David Albert)

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Gian-Carlo Rota

“I learned it from the recounting of another famous mathematician, Gian-Carlo Rota, who did a lot of important work, for example, in combinatorics, and was a student at Princeton doing his PhD at that…” (Tim Roughgarden)

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glutton

“Okay. So, in the first version of the game, the game has infinitely many rounds, turns. You know, it will go infinitely. And on every round, the chocolatier serves up finitely many new exquisite…” (Joel David Hamkins)

Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 30:42 · read ↗︎

God's eye view

“We will always see things from the human perspective. There is no God's eye view. There is no purely neutral grasping of the world in itself, and therefore, we no longer have to aim at that.” (Lee Braver)

From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 39:12 · read ↗︎

Godel

“in 1956, Gödel, yes, that same Gödel, wrote a letter to von Neumann, yes, that same von Neumann, conjecturing a statement equivalent to P equals NP, right? Now, mind you, like 1956, so we're talking…” (Tim Roughgarden)

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Gödel's incompleteness theorem

“And Gödel in 1931 proved something known as Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and so this was a big result. This result basically said that the first thing Hilbert conjectured was wrong, okay? That…” (Tim Roughgarden)

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Google Maps

“It'd be like going to a city you've never been before, and instead of using Google Maps, just deciding you're gonna reason out where the hotel is just by looking at the streets. No, y- you don't know…” (Lee Braver)

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googol

“We can describe much bigger numbers than this. For example, maybe I hear someone from the back saying, "What about a googol?" I could write a googol here. A googol is this sort of traditional term…” (Joel David Hamkins)

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Googol bang

“A googlebang. A googlebang means you take a googol and you take the factorial of it, which means you multiply 1 times 2 times 3 times 4 and so on, all the way up to a googol. Or if you start at the…” (Joel David Hamkins)

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Googol stack

“there's an algorithm for determining that. There's another adjective we might add and that's called a googlestack. So, let's do that one. A googlestack means 10 to the” (Joel David Hamkins)

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googolplex

“And there's another number called a googolplex, which is 10 to the googol, or in other words, 10 to the 10 to the 100. So this is an instance of iterated exponentials. And I'd like to understand this” (Joel David Hamkins)

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Gordon Moore

“thinking about it is in terms of something you might have heard of, Moore's Law. So Moore's Law was first stated by Gordon Moore, who at the time was at Intel. This was in the mid-'60s. And Moore's…” (Tim Roughgarden)

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Graham's number

“Some people may have heard of a number called Graham's number, which can be described in terms of these double up arrows. And this number is far, far larger than Graham's number.” (Joel David Hamkins)

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graph isomorphism

“which sounds kind of technical, but it's really not so bad. Graph isomorphism is a problem about networks, and it just asks if two networks are basically the same. Okay. Or at least the same up to a…” (Tim Roughgarden)

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Gravitational Waves

“disturbances propagating outwards, okay? And, indeed, two or three years ago, a bunch of people won the Nobel Prize for a sort of spectacularly beautiful and sensitive experiment where, for the first” (David Albert)

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grow up

“That is Nietzsche's question. And Kant wanted us to grow up. Nietzsche wants us to never stop growing. Nietzsche wants the you five years from” (Lee Braver)

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GRW theory

“known as the GRW theory. The GRW theory, first of all, gives up on the thought that what needs to be done here is to” (David Albert)

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