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a posteriori
“The word he uses is a posteriori, and you can see that's posterior, after, after we've consulted our senses, as opposed” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 17:54 · read ↗︎
a priori
“a priori. A priori is a technical, philosophical word meaning independent of the senses. We get it without checking our senses. And the things that are a priori are things like logic or math.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 1: Descartes Reboots Everything▶︎ watch 26:40 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 4:30 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 4: Why You Can't Prove Tomorrow▶︎ watch 38:19 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 3:43 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 52:42 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 3: Hume's Map of the Mind▶︎ watch 16:47 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 0:00 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 23:39 · read ↗︎
a priori knowledge
“Because he said that thinking, reasoning, a priori knowledge was much, much more important than experience. Remember? He said, "Yes, we need experience." "We need sensory data in order to know the…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 3: Hume's Map of the Mind▶︎ watch 17:18 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 1: Descartes Reboots Everything▶︎ watch 28:03 · read ↗︎
a priori synthetic judgments
“And now we're gonna see his answer to the question how a priori synthetic judgments are possible by going through a riddle. So, I'm going to, in real time, in front of you, tell the future. I'm going…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 0:12 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 7: Nietzsche's Warning to the Future▶︎ watch 24:18 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 29:06 · read ↗︎
A star
“So this is usually denoted by A star, so this is the set of all finite words using letters in A.” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 8: Hilbert's Hotel Is Always Open▶︎ watch 39:46 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 2: The Birth of Modern Science▶︎ watch 37:20 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 45:09 · read ↗︎
Achilles and the tortoise
“So, let me tell you about another paradox that Zeno had talked about, Achilles and the tortoise. So, Achilles and the tortoise are going to have a race, and they're gonna run around the stadium. So…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 1: Zeno's Paradox and Infinite Sums▶︎ watch 2:07 · read ↗︎
Ackermann function
“Okay, so you can see quite clearly these numbers are growing extremely rapidly, using this Knuth notation. These ideas are related to the Ackermann function, which was introduced in the early 20th…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 4: The Largest Tweetable Number▶︎ watch 26:44 · read ↗︎
Action at a Distance
“In those days, the way people described this was they said that Newton's Law of Gravitation described action at a distance, okay? And action, what they meant by action at a distance was precisely” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 4: Bell's Impossible Proof▶︎ watch 15:39 · read ↗︎
active motion and passive motion
“There's an active motion and a passive motion reacting to it. But they don't exist independently of each other. They exist only in combination, in interactions, in this momentary event.” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 20:34 · read ↗︎
actual infinity
“infinite sum which has a kind of potentialist character. There's this distinction between potential infinity and actual infinity. Potential infinity is the idea that you never complete the infinite…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 1: Zeno's Paradox and Infinite Sums▶︎ watch 16:12 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 5: Potential vs Actual Infinity▶︎ watch 0:01 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 9: Beyond Countable Infinity▶︎ watch 32:13 · read ↗︎
actualist
“because you can have more and more, as many as you like, but also the potentialist says you can't ever have them all as a completed totality. Whereas the actualist, who believes in actual infinity,…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 5: Potential vs Actual Infinity▶︎ watch 0:42 · read ↗︎
actually infinite
“paradox of supertasks, Galileo's paradox, the distinction between the potentially infinite and the actually infinite. Eventually, we'll find the distinction between the countably infinite and the…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Intro: Infinity Has a Story to Tell▶︎ watch 0:14 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 5: Potential vs Actual Infinity▶︎ watch 4:18 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 6: Galileo's Paradox of Infinity▶︎ watch 15:35 · read ↗︎
ad hominem
“can. So, the first objection is sort of ad hominem against Protagoras, who is dead at this point, right? He's, it's the late Protagoras. And so who's gonna defend him? Well, turns out that, in 162A,…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 36:37 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 4:04 · read ↗︎
Adam
“thought experiment that he runs ... and this is just a thought experiment, nothing religious or anything, is we bring Adam, from Adam and Eve, into the pool hall. This isn't the beginning of a joke.…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 4: Why You Can't Prove Tomorrow▶︎ watch 6:38 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 46:43 · read ↗︎
adjacent spatio-temporal points
“that are immediately adjacent to them in space and time. And in situations where something that happens here affects something that happens over there are always accompanied by a sort of process of…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Intro: The Crisis In Physics▶︎ watch 11:55 · read ↗︎
After Physics
“mine in this collection, Many Worlds?. There's also an essay that forms the last chapter of a book I published a few years ago called After Physics which, which goes through various of these…” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 5: Three Ways to Save Reality▶︎ watch 59:56 · read ↗︎
agora
“It was the Times Square of Athens. So Socrates is famous for hanging out in the agora. Yeah. He's not teaching in a school. He's going out in public and interacting with fellow citizens. Right. He…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 28:53 · read ↗︎
Aharonov
“Very famous effect in quantum mechanics. I'm gonna give you a schematic version of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, but the logic is exactly the same. So, I'm gonna introduce a new piece of terminology.” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 1: The Experiment That Broke Reality▶︎ watch 46:18 · read ↗︎
Aharonov-Bohm effect
“Very famous effect in quantum mechanics. I'm gonna give you a schematic version of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, but the logic is exactly the same. So, I'm gonna introduce a new piece of terminology.” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 1: The Experiment That Broke Reality▶︎ watch 46:18 · read ↗︎
aisthesis
“epistemology, the theory of knowledge. Perception is aisthesis, as in esthetics, if you think about beauty and art as being about how you feel, how you perceive things. And there's the word phainete,…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 31:44 · read ↗︎
Alan Cobham
“identifying the notion of efficient computation with computations that require only a polynomial number of steps, the idea that the appropriate criterion for efficiency should be that with a doubling…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 16:43 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 17:21 · read ↗︎
Alan Turing
“So, in case you thought Alan Turing was just a code breaker, in case you only know him for the work that he did at Bletchley Park back in World War II, you'll learn that, in fact, Turing is…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Intro: Computation and Its Limits▶︎ watch 7:29 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 0:52 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 4: The Largest Tweetable Number▶︎ watch 43:23 · read ↗︎
Albert Einstein
“This is what people were excited about when Einstein was in college and so on and so forth, he was a young man when or shortly after these developments had been going on.” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 4: Bell's Impossible Proof▶︎ watch 54:36 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 2:28 · read ↗︎
alchemy
“There was 10 times as much writing about alchemy and Biblical prophecy than there was about science, because it just wasn't known what kinds of things could produce reliable knowledge at that time.…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 1: Descartes Reboots Everything▶︎ watch 4:14 · read ↗︎
Alcibiades
“So, in the Symposium, Alcibiades, who is this, you know, very charismatic, very handsome, fascinating character, he says, "And I can't... I'm obsessed with this Socrates, and I really wanna get with…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 15:58 · read ↗︎
aletheia
“of things." So only if showing happens through your assertion or your judgment is there truth. Mm-hmm. And he points to the Greek word for truth, aletheia, which literally means unconcealment or…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 4: The Soul Behind the Senses▶︎ watch 44:09 · read ↗︎
algebraic numbers
“But also, we have the algebraic numbers, like square root of two, there's passenger square root of two, and passenger, you know, cube root of five, and so on, all of those numbers. But more than…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 8: Hilbert's Hotel Is Always Open▶︎ watch 51:16 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 9: Beyond Countable Infinity▶︎ watch 36:59 · read ↗︎
algebraic real numbers
“The integers, the natural numbers, the rationals, the finite binary sequences, the integer polynomials Z of X, the set of algebraic real numbers, the computable real numbers, those sets are all…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 10: Set Theory's Deepest Mystery▶︎ watch 30:00 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 9: Beyond Countable Infinity▶︎ watch 38:40 · read ↗︎
algorithm
“I wanna focus on the key concept of an algorithm. So you can think of an algorithm as really just sort of like a recipe for how to systematically achieve some goal or to solve some problem. If you…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 2: How Algorithms Outsmart Complexity▶︎ watch 0:43 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 2: When Physics Stops Making Sense▶︎ watch 0:43 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 3: Two Laws That Can't Both Be True▶︎ watch 0:01 · read ↗︎
algorithmic shortcut
“didn't have things like Dijkstra's algorithm for computing shortest paths, if you didn't have ways to take advantage of this algorithmic shortcut and sift through all these options, literally you…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 3: Easy Problems, Hard Problems▶︎ watch 1:59 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 2: How Algorithms Outsmart Complexity▶︎ watch 37:32 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 32:36 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 24:06 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Intro: Computation and Its Limits▶︎ watch 1:34 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 25:33 · read ↗︎
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Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 0:01 · read ↗︎
all motion is impossible
“Namely, Zeno argued, this was in about 450 BC, and Zeno argued that all motion is impossible. You cannot go from here to there. So, let me just stand up. Of course, we know it's not true. You can go…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 1: Zeno's Paradox and Infinite Sums▶︎ watch 0:21 · read ↗︎
Allegory of the Cave
“I'll just briefly describe it. So in The Republic, Socrates says, imagine these prisoners in a cave. They've been there since birth. They've been shackled, and all they've ever been able to do is…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 34:31 · read ↗︎
almost surely
“it will be chosen at some stage. Okay? That's a ... I said almost surely, but actually, the way probabilists use this word, it's a technical word, it has a very particular meaning. It means that the…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 22:24 · read ↗︎
Alonzo Church
“And there's sort of related answers to those questions. So it turns out, there was a logician, Alonzo Church, at that time at Princeton, who, for the exact same reasons, because of Hilbert's 1928…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 53:22 · read ↗︎
alteration
“So I've changed. Isn't that a change of place of your hair? I guess it's a change of... 'Cause you could argue it's spatial, but it's still me. It's my perception of it. Right. Right. I'm still here…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 51:24 · read ↗︎
alternating harmonic series
“these mathematical ways of thinking. So let's look at what is called the alternating harmonic. The alternating harmonic series, and this is the series” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 1: Zeno's Paradox and Infinite Sums▶︎ watch 32:04 · read ↗︎
alternating series
“1/4 plus 1/5, and so on. So it's alternating because the signs vary, positive, negative, positive, negative and so on. So every other term is positive, and every other term is negative, and that's…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 1: Zeno's Paradox and Infinite Sums▶︎ watch 32:27 · read ↗︎
analytic
“Kant adds synthetic and analytic. And this one we haven't seen before. We've seen something pretty similar to” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 18:45 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 1:27 · read ↗︎
analytic a priori
“Yes, of course. The whole thing about how many bachelors are married, zero, that's analytic and it's a priori. So we have those. And we've already seen this kind of judgment.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 27:22 · read ↗︎
analytic judgment
“And you see unmarried is already in the subject. All we're doing is we're taking it out and showing it explicitly. And this is what Kant calls an analytic judgment. We're taking a term, bachelor, and…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 22:51 · read ↗︎
analytic sets
“and I think analytic sets also by Suslin. But the project sort of stalled at that point in the early 20th century. No one could show that more complicated sets had this property of always” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 10: Set Theory's Deepest Mystery▶︎ watch 28:13 · read ↗︎
Anatoly Karatsuba
“was one student in that seminar, Anatoly Karatsuba, who had exactly the right attitude you're supposed to have if you design algorithms for a living, right? So if you meet professional algorithm…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 2: How Algorithms Outsmart Complexity▶︎ watch 5:54 · read ↗︎
Andrei Kolmogorov
“So that's exactly where we are right here. So I want you to think about 1960. We're gonna be at Moscow State University, and we're gonna be interested in a seminar, research seminar run by a very…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 2: How Algorithms Outsmart Complexity▶︎ watch 4:31 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Intro: Computation and Its Limits▶︎ watch 7:54 · read ↗︎
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 15:12 · read ↗︎
Andrew Wiles
“when Andrew Wiles proved, finally, Fermat's Last Theorem. And it wasn't a shock that the theorem was correct, it was a shock that Wiles was able to prove this extremely difficult deep problem that…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 5: AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond▶︎ watch 18:14 · read ↗︎
Andrey Kolmogorov
“from the 20th century. So, names like David Hilbert, Kurt Godel, John von Neumann, George Dantzig, Andrei Kolmogorov, Jack Emmons, Stephen Cook, Leonid Levin, Richard Karp, Don Knuth, all of those…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Intro: Computation and Its Limits▶︎ watch 8:04 · read ↗︎
anti-realism
“talking about before, any attempt to push back against the radical anti-realism that I was talking about before, is gonna result in a story which, in a really shocking way, violates this intuition,” (David Albert)
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Intro: The Crisis In Physics▶︎ watch 12:27 · read ↗︎
Quantum Mechanics and the Crisis of Scientific Realism · Lecture 5: Three Ways to Save Reality▶︎ watch 27:15 · read ↗︎
arational
“Now, this is very important, it's arational. That's not irrational. Irrational means it's bad reasoning, you should not think it that way.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 4: Why You Can't Prove Tomorrow▶︎ watch 33:36 · read ↗︎
arbitrary set potentialism
“together in a larger single fragment. So this kind of picture, this arbitrary set, arbitrary finite set potentialism in arithmetic has different modal features than the Aristotelian potentialism. So…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 5: Potential vs Actual Infinity▶︎ watch 36:45 · read ↗︎
Archimedean spiral
“Then there's another spiral, r equal theta. This is called the Archimedean spiral, yeah? And it looks something like this. So it's...” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 3: The Paradox of Giants: Strange Consequences in High Dimension▶︎ watch 39:03 · read ↗︎
Archimedes
“We'll start with Zeno and the classical ideas of Aristotle and Archimedes, but eventually, we'll move through Galileo, and then we'll see Frege, and Dedekind, and Cantor, and the 20th century…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Intro: Infinity Has a Story to Tell▶︎ watch 0:25 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 5: Potential vs Actual Infinity▶︎ watch 4:59 · read ↗︎
arctangent function
“Galileo also showed that a given line segment is equinumerous with the whole real line, and maybe a different way of seeing it than his argument is to just look at, say, the arctangent function,…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 10: Set Theory's Deepest Mystery▶︎ watch 3:45 · read ↗︎
Aristophanes
“original sources about Socrates. There's Plato, there's Xenophon, who's a sort of similar writer, but most people say less deep, and there's Aristophanes, who's quite different. He's a writer of…” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 1: Is Knowledge Just Perception?▶︎ watch 7:43 · read ↗︎
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 33:51 · read ↗︎
Aristotelian potentialism
“might be called Aristotelian potentialism. So, maybe we imagine the numbers zero, one, two, the natural numbers, say, increasing here. And I'm gonna imagine the possible” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 5: Potential vs Actual Infinity▶︎ watch 28:55 · read ↗︎
Aristotle
“Um, you can see echoes of this, or prefor- anticipations of this all the way back to Plato and, and Aristotle, where Plato was a proto-rationalist and Aristotle would be a proto-empiricist. It…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 3: Hume's Map of the Mind▶︎ watch 18:21 · read ↗︎
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 5: Kant Wakes from His Dogmatic Sleep▶︎ watch 1:15 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Intro: Infinity Has a Story to Tell▶︎ watch 0:25 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 5: Potential vs Actual Infinity▶︎ watch 1:33 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 7: What Does Finite Really Mean?▶︎ watch 1:02
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 2: When Every Perception is True▶︎ watch 12:22 · read ↗︎
Aristotle's wheel
“So, let me tell you about Aristotle's wheel. So, Aristotle's wheel... Let's draw it here. There's the wheel. It has a center, and it has an axel, and” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 6: Galileo's Paradox of Infinity▶︎ watch 4:24 · read ↗︎
arithmetic
“And these are what give us math. Time, a little complicated, gives us arithmetic. That's not so obvious. But space gives us geometry. All that geometry is, is” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 20:57 · read ↗︎
arrow paradox
“So take an arrow shooting through the air. Think about it at one instant. Is it moving at that instant? No, there's no time in which it can move. So at no instant is it moving, so it doesn't move.” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 3: Does Relativism Refute Itself?▶︎ watch 49:13 · read ↗︎
artificial intelligence
“knowledge to things, to machines, you know, artificial intelligence, for instance. It... If you start reading articles on AI, you'll see that so often people use anthropomorphic language. You know,…” (Richard Polt)
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Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 1: Is There Anything Computers Can't Do?▶︎ watch 1:09 · read ↗︎
associative operation
“write a to the b to the c? But this, the difference, the fact that these are not equal is another way of saying that exponentiation is not an associative operation, because it matters which order you…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 4: The Largest Tweetable Number▶︎ watch 14:41 · read ↗︎
authority
“No, y- you don't know anything about it. You can't use your own reason to figure out where things are. You use the authority. You use the Google Maps 'cause Google Maps knows where everything is.…” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Intro: When the Old Map Stopped Working▶︎ watch 2:29 · read ↗︎
autonomous
“in the world, we impose. We are autonomous. We aren't finding these connections. We are forging them.” (Lee Braver)
From Descartes to Nietzsche: The Birth of Science and the Death of God · Lecture 6: How Your Mind Builds Reality▶︎ watch 49:55 · read ↗︎
Avi Wigderson
“of progress on each of those seven questions. So P versus NP particularly, you can see a lecture by Avi Wigderson, the legendary theoretic computer scientist, talking about the current state of the…” (Tim Roughgarden)
Computation as a Universal and Fundamental Concept · Lecture 4: Two Worlds We Might Live In▶︎ watch 35:32 · read ↗︎
aviary model
“So this brings us to the aviary model of memory, which is exactly about this experience. Right? It's about having something in you, but not being able to quite grasp it.” (Richard Polt)
Plato’s Theaetetus: An Inquiry into Knowledge · Lecture 5: Defeat as Philosophical Victory▶︎ watch 4:22 · read ↗︎
axiom of choice
“allowed to serve only finitely many each time, then if the axiom of choice is true, then the glutton has a memory-free strategy, a winning tactic, which also uses this taste of the previous…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 2: Supertasks: Doing Infinitely Many Things▶︎ watch 45:18 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 6: Galileo's Paradox of Infinity▶︎ watch 32:48 · read ↗︎
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 7: What Does Finite Really Mean?▶︎ watch 15:38
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Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 10: Set Theory's Deepest Mystery▶︎ watch 31:45 · read ↗︎
axiom of countable choice
“that it's countable and putting it, onto the nth column. And so, that's an appeal to the axiom of countable choice, because for each n I'm picking a way of putting it onto the nth column. And then…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 8: Hilbert's Hotel Is Always Open▶︎ watch 36:47 · read ↗︎
axiom of separation
“to the modified forms of it that are acceptable. For example, the axiom of separation is one of the axioms appearing in the Zermelo-Fraenkel axiomatization of set theory. And the axiom of separation,…” (Joel David Hamkins)
Lectures on Infinity · Lecture 9: Beyond Countable Infinity▶︎ watch 1:30:00 · read ↗︎